The city architectural design
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The key measures taken by the Board in the 1990s that served a city-building basis for the systemic development of the capital include the General City Development Plan until the year 2020, the creation of the regulatory and legislative basis for city construction development, the coordinated caring on city-construction and land inventory cadastres of Moscow, and the layout plan for housing, cultural-household as well as public utility construction projects for the period until the year 2006.
One of the key lines of the investment policy pursued by the Government of Moscow is dwelling building.
Despite all hardships of the transition to market economy, actual lack of budget funds for financing construction programs, the construction Complex has not only survived but also continued to develop dynamically. The results of implementation of the annual investment programs can serve a good and clear evidence for this. Over fifteen years about 15 million sq. m of floor space have been provided for living. All principal series of houses, prior to their building en mass have gone through the phase of experimental testing. Over 100 experimental facilities have been built in Moscow over a few last years.
The acceleration rate of construction of houses and cultural and public utility units has been accompanied by a continues rise of their use value, the improvement of architectural and layout solutions, the introduction of protecting structures with higher heat-reflecting properties and the use of new energy-saving equipment and household utensils.
The transition to building modern cosy dwelling, social, cultural and utility buildings meeting higher standards is inseparably linked with the development and upgrading of construction sector enterprises.
The Associate Board of architecture, construction, development and reconstruction of the city provides for the implementation of specific measures aimed at the restructurization of Moscow's construction materials, items and structures industry, the renovation of the nomenclature of products and raising the competitiveness of this sector of economy. Today's rate of development of Moscow's construction sector is high.
The annual scope of dwelling commission that has been achieved lately have been taken as a baseline figure in the adopted layout plan for dwelling and social facilities for the short-term perspective until the year 2006.
The housing layout principle reflects the strategy of a gradual transition from a simultaneous construction in several areas of en mass building to the construction with the increased proportion of reconstruction and construction in the central and already established parts of the city.
General scheme of
Moscow construction zoning
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Since the beginning of the implementation of the program of reconstruction of the capital city centre, buillings intended for different purposes have been commissioned herein with over 7 million square meters of floor area including almost 1.3 million square metres of residential area. It is noteworthy that not only elite houses are being built in the city centre but also municipal houses intended for the resettlement of those Muscovites who have lived in communal flats in the centre and would not like to change the district.
The replacement of the housing stock which, technically, is approaching the deadline set by their service life limits is one of the key social tasks facing the city.
The decision regarding mass reconstruction of the five-storied panel house stock in all Administrative Areas was made by the Government of Moscow on the initiative of Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov at the end of 1995.
Today, about 28 million sq. m of Moscow houses are 40-60% used up, these houses are to be reconstructed or modernized. But the panel houses of the total floor area of 6.3 million square metres are subject to unconditional demolition or dismantling because they are not subject to reconstruction olue to their design defects and bad layout solutions.
The annual scope of demolition work to be carried out on five-storied-houses provides for pulling down 700 thousand square metres or more a year divided proportionally among the Administrative Areas with due regard for the mechanisms of program implementation available in each Area.
Starting from 2003, it is planned by investors to upgrade houses, which are not subject to demission, and accomplish the upgrade of houses of no less than 500 thousand square metres in two years' time in order to complete the full reconstruction of specific groups of houses and mini-districts.